In early April, the leadership at the Catholic Benefits Association anticipated the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services would soon announce proposed regulations that could pose an existential threat to religious-based employers including Catholic hospitals.
On July 25, HHS finally released this proposal in a 308-page document.
Last year, the discovery of a 74-page legal memorandum attached to a court filing from a consortium of 30 sexual rights groups revealed that HHS had promised to revise its mandates on health plan coverage and performance to include surgical abortion, cross-sex hormones, gender-transition surgeries, gender-affirming cosmetic surgeries and voice modification -- along with a host of expanded services dealing with fertility treatments, contraception, abortifacients and sterilizations.
"The memo prepared by the Leadership Conference provides the best forecast of what the new regulation will say," said attorney Martin Nussbaum of Nussbaum Speir Gleason in Colorado Springs, Colorado, a legal firm which advises the Catholic Benefits Association.
The association provides legal advocacy and litigation in defense of the First Amendment rights for its membership of over 1,000 Catholic employers, including 60 dioceses and archdioceses, numerous religious orders, colleges and universities, hospitals and other ministries.
"We don't know for sure what the regulation will say but there is good reason to believe that it will be quite similar to the memo signed on by 30 sexual rights activist groups including Planned Parenthood," Nussbaum told Catholic News Service in an April interview.
The Leadership Conference that he referenced is a Washington-based coalition of some 200 member organizations advocating for civil and human rights for women, the LGBTQ community, immigrants and workers and the disabled community.
Nussbaum and others in April interviews with CNS said they expected the HHS proposal would have a broad cost and compliance impact on all U.S. employers and would disallow religious exemptions.
As released, it would require doctors to perform these procedures, including on minors, "over their sincere and consistent medical objections," a policy expert at the Heritage Foundation said in a July 26 statement.
The proposed regulations threaten the Catholic Church's ability "to carry out our healing ministries and others to practice medicine," said a July 27 joint statement issued by the chairmen of the U.S. bishops' committees on pro-life activities, domestic policy, marriage and family life, and religious liberty.
"Assurances that HHS will honor religious freedom laws offer little comfort when HHS is actively fighting court rulings that declared HHS violated religious freedom laws the last time they tried to impose such a mandate. This is a violation of religious freedom and bad medicine," the bishops said in joint statement.
They called on HHS to "explicitly disavow" any intent to force health care workers to perform abortions against their will.
The proposed HHS regulations would apply to implementation of an Affordable Care Act provision that includes a prohibition on discrimination based on sex. The proposal will likely apply to all health care providers, clinics, nursing homes, hospitals, group health insurers and third-party administrators of self-funded plans.
"And if the new regulation applies to all of those groups, it will effectively apply to all employers with a health plan," Nussbaum told CNS. "The proposed regulation would also apply to all contractors of the previous groups, including my law firm. For Catholic hospital chains it is hard to imagine how broad that group is."
Last year a number of Catholic health care organizations filed a lawsuit challenging the Biden administration's so-called "transgender mandate" requiring that doctors and hospitals perform gender-transition procedures on any patient despite any moral or medical objections of the doctor or health care facility.
A federal court blocked the mandate last August, granting the plaintiffs' request for a permanent injunction. It permanently enjoined HHS, HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra and all HHS-related divisions, agencies and employees "from interpreting or enforcing Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act," which became law in 2016.
Section 1557 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability or sex -- including pregnancy, sexual orientation and gender identity -- in covered health programs or activities.
In 2020, the Trump administration put in place a final rule that eliminated the general prohibition on discrimination based on gender identity and also adopted abortion and religious freedom exemptions for health care providers. But the courts blocked this rule change.
In 2021, shortly after he was inaugurated, President Joe Biden issued an executive order declaring that his administration would apply the U.S. Supreme Court's 2020 ruling in Bostock v. Clayton County in all areas -- including the ACA.
In a 6-3 ruling, the court held that discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity is necessarily also discrimination "because of sex" as prohibited by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Once the HHS proposed regulations are published in the Federal Register, a period for public comment will begin. HHS said this period will be 60 days after publication. As of July 27, the HHS proposal had not yet been published on the website https://www.federalregister.gov.
"The forthcoming (HHS) regulation presents an existential threat to Catholic health care because the penalties to noncompliance will likely include private enforcement, class-action lawsuits, 'qui tam' actions, which is where an individual can file a lawsuit as if he or she were the United States itself," Nussbaum told CNS in April. "The penalties may also include loss of Medicare and Medicaid funding and even imprisonment for noncomplying health care executives."
"Such sanctions can shut down any hospital network," Nussbaum said, adding that such an expansion of ACA-related services will cost employers millions and millions of dollars in increased health insurance costs.
Last year, the Colorado Association of Health Plans, an industry trade group, predicted a 1.5% rate hike in response to the Colorado governor's announcement to cover gender-conforming cosmetic surgery -- reportedly becoming the first state to try to require insurers to provide transition-related care for transgender people as an essential benefit.
"Such performance mandates will harm health care in the U.S. overall, given that Catholic hospitals provide an estimated one-sixth of hospital beds nationally," Nussbaum noted.
Other faith-based groups and employers including evangelical and Christian colleges and health care networks are expected to file challenges to a radical broadening of mandatory abortion, contraceptive and gender-transition services following the comment period on the proposed the HHS rule.
Doug Wilson, CEO of the Colorado-based Catholic Benefits Association, said he planned to discuss the anticipated HHS announcement with the leadership of other Catholic health care associations coming together under a newly formed umbrella organization called the Catholic Healthcare Leadership Alliance.
"My main focus right now is getting ready for the HHS ruling," Wilson told CNS. "Until November, when our attorneys discovered it in a 74-page court filing, nobody knew about it. We very quickly shared the information with the USCCB (U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops) and many others and our membership community as well."
"The general public has almost no awareness of what may be coming," Wilson added.
"It is written to end Catholic health care. The requirements are so far beyond Catholic teaching that Catholic employers of every sort would be faced with complying or shutting down," Wilson said.
The anticipated HHS rules represent a well-crafted and well-thought out way to remove religion from health care, according to Wilson. These rules, he said, would touch on the full gamut of reproductive health care, from surgical abortion and, possibly, mail-order chemical abortion to services related to sexual orientation and gender identity.
"The Leadership Conference's demands are very clear. There must be no religious exemptions from this," he said. "At the end of the day, we are preparing for what we anticipate will be a significant lawsuit. I don't think the administration will make material changes or that the public comment period will have enough (or) much effect."
"Their view of what is good for the country is certainly in a different place than ours," Wilson said.
