People wait to enter an outdoor Mass with Pope Francis in Ciudad Juarez
When it comes to what one might call “domestic policy,” the Catholic Church is often considered to be a conservative institution. It promotes the sacredness of marriage between a man and woman and the inviolability of human life, making things such as divorce, abortion and gay marriage major no-nos.
Yet, when it comes to relationships between nations and global policy, the Holy See can come off as among the most liberal organizations in the world.
“Given the wave of populism and nationalism sweeping Europe and the United States the Vatican’s position on immigration is forward-looking and progressive,” said Kevin Appleby, Senior Director of International Migration Policy Center for Migration Studies, in a Dec. 11 phone interview.
Appleby spoke with Crux on his way back to the U.S. from Marrakesh, Morocco, where one hundred and sixty-four countries voted in favor of the UN backed Global Compacts on Dec. 10. While the document is not legally binding for nations, it promotes a positive view of migration flows and proposes a shared network and best practices to address them.
Several nations opted out of the signing, notably the United States, Italy and several countries in Eastern Europe, which have taken the stance that immigration represents an existential threat to the social and economic well-being of their countries.
“Nativism is on the rise, populist movements are gaining ground,” Appleby noted, “but the Holy See and the Church have solid teaching on migration that are not going to change because of the political winds.”
Given this evident climate of distrust - if not downright fear - of immigrants, the Catholic Church’s contribution to the compacts is even more astounding.
For the better part of two years, the Holy See has been cooperating, suggesting and promoting the UN endeavor, in line with Pope Francis’s efforts to make the welcoming of immigrants the lasting legacy of his pontificate.
The Vatican’s Section on Migrants & Refugees, with the collaboration of several Bishops’ Conferences and Catholic NGOs, presented Twenty Action Points on Migrants and Refugees that are not just progressive, but downright revolutionary given the global context.
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These are just a few examples of the Vatican’s agenda when it comes to promoting immigrants and their free mobility around the globe. Added to this list, is the Holy See’s effort to remove the distinction between refugees and immigrants, a fundamental classification that determines the behavior of welcoming countries toward newcomers.
Even German Chancellor Angela Merkel, a champion of immigrants in Europe despite powerful national and international opposition, could not have presented such guidelines without risking losing the precarious conservative support keeping her in power.
The Catholic Church is unshackled by such political considerations, and its global nature makes it uniquely positioned not only strongly and on the basis of real information to advocate on behalf of immigrants, but also to bring forward a position that looks beyond the jagged lines separating states.
“The Holy See has repeatedly stressed the conviction that, before the divisions of borders, we are one human family and it has called for a greater humanization of the global movement of people,” said Slovenian Archbishop Ivan Jurkoviƒç, Apostolic Nuncio and Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva, in a Dec. 9 email to Crux.
The Holy See’s progressive global prospective predates Francis’s diplomacy on immigration. Saint Pope John Paul II’s idea of “Just War,” posed such demanding criteria to justify it that no conflict could have really defined itself as such in the modern era.
The disorderly wave of globalization, which has left more victims than winners, has posed major obstacles to the national state, which struggles to find its identity amid the crisis, often slipping into populist or even xenophobic tendencies.
Meanwhile the inherent contradictions and inefficiencies of international or supranational entities, such as the United Nations, the European Union and Non-Governmental Organizations, have left them weakened and struggling to justify their very existence.
The Catholic Church is no exception, with financial and sexual scandals undermining its worldwide credibility and status, yet it’s still determined to promote the view of a united global human family through collaboration and shared principles.
“The adoption of the Global Compact on Migration comes at a critical moment in history,” said the Vatican Secretary of State, Italian Cardinal Pietro Parolin, during his speech and the intragovernmental conference in Morocco Dec. 10.
When “not managed well,” he added, “crises can form, rhetoric can eclipse reason, and migrants can seem more as threats than as brothers and sisters in need of solidarity and basic services.”
“The Holy See is convinced that the enormous challenges that migration poses are best faced through multilateral processes rather than isolationist policies,” Parolin concluded.
Cooperation sometimes also means compromise. While the compact reflects in many ways the Catholic view on migration, it also includes indications concerning reproductive health “that do not recognize the inherent value and dignity of human life at every stage of its beginning, development and end,” as Parolin described, adding that the Holy See “will present its reservations in due time.”
Progressive or not, the Catholic Church’s view of immigration will have to confront itself with the willingness of states to adopt it and implement it. So far, the reality on the ground is a far cry from the ideals presented in the compact, and certainly in the Vatican’s Twenty Points, Appleby observed.
According to the researcher, “the success of the compact will be measured one migrant life at a time,” as immigrants today face struggles such as poverty, exploitation, detention and family separation.
“If the compact can mitigate these deterrent policies, then I think it will be a success,” Appleby said, and if nations and international entities including the Holy See can promote an effort of collaboration and multilateralism “it will have been worth the effort.”