Parishes and dioceses must move quickly to give life to the consultative bodies and broad participation in mission and ministry already foreseen by church law if the Catholic Church is to have any hope of becoming a more "synodal" church, members of the Synod of Bishops said.
"Without concrete changes in the short term, the vision of a synodal Church will not be credible and this will alienate those members of the People of God who have drawn strength and hope from the synodal journey," the members said in the final document they approved Oct. 26.
Pope Francis convoked the synod in 2021 and called on parishes, dioceses and bishops' conferences to hold listening sessions before the first synod assembly in Rome in 2023. The current assembly, including most of the same members, began with a Mass at the Vatican Oct. 2.
Members voted on each of the 155 paragraphs of the document, which made suggestions and requests to Pope Francis that included long-term projects, such as continuing discernment about the possibility of women deacons, the need to reform seminary training and the hope that more lay people would be involved in the selection of bishops.
But they also included actions that could and should be implemented immediately, including hiring more women and laymen to teach in seminaries or having bishops make pastoral councils mandatory for every parish and pastors ensuring those bodies are truly representative of the parish members and that he listens to their advice.
Synod officials said all the paragraphs were approved by the necessary two-thirds of synod members present and voting; 355 members were present and voting, so passage required 237 votes. A paragraph devoted to increasing women's profile in the church received, by far, the most negative votes of any paragraph with 97 members voting no and 258 voting yes. The paragraph, which required 66% of the votes, passed with 72%.
"In simple and concise terms," members said, "synodality is a path of spiritual renewal and structural reform that enables the Church to be more participatory and missionary, so that it can walk with every man and woman, radiating the light of Christ."
In a synodal church, the document said, members have different roles, but they work together for the good of all members and for the mission of the church.
Like the synthesis report from the first assembly of the synod in 2023, the final document did not use the term "LGBTQ" or even "homosexuality" and spoke only briefly about the need to reach out to people who "experience the pain of feeling excluded or judged because of their marital situation, identity or sexuality."
The document repeatedly referred to the "equal dignity" of men and women by virtue of their baptism and insisted the Catholic Church needed to do more to recognize women's contributions to the life and mission of the church and their potential to offer more.
"Women continue to encounter obstacles in obtaining a fuller recognition of their charisms, vocation and roles in all the various areas of the Church's life," it said. "This is to the detriment of serving the Church's shared mission."
Members of the synod called for the "full implementation of all the opportunities already provided for in Canon Law with regard to the role of women," and said, "there is no reason or impediment that should prevent women from carrying out leadership roles in the Church. What comes from the Holy Spirit cannot be stopped."
"Additionally, the question of women's access to diaconal ministry remains open," they said. "This discernment needs to continue."
The question of women deacons was among several questions Pope Francis assigned to study groups last spring. Synod members asked the General Secretariat of the Synod "to continue to watch over the synodal quality of the working method of the study groups," which are supposed to report to the pope in June.
The synod process, members said, was a "call to joy and renewal of the Church in following the Lord, in committing to service of His mission and in searching for ways to be faithful."
But the document repeatedly acknowledged the crime and sin of clerical sexual abuse and abuse of power, and insisted that a commitment to synodality, particularly to learning to listen and to necessary forms of transparency and accountability, were essential to preventing abuse.
Synodality, members said, "will also help to overcome clericalism, understood as use of power to one's own advantage and the distortion of the authority of the Church which is at the service of the People of God. This expresses itself above all in forms of abuse, be they sexual or economic, the abuse of conscience and of power, by ministers of the Church."
Lay men and women have many talents that can and should assist bishops and parish priests in the smooth functioning of their dioceses or parishes, synod members said. Tapping into those talents can help bishops and priests, who often feel overworked.
Where church law requires the bishops to consult their priests' or pastoral council or pastors to consult the parish council, the document said, they "may not act as if the consultation had not taken place."
"As in any community that lives according to justice," it said, "the exercise of authority does not consist in an arbitrary imposition of will."
Synod members also said listening, consulting, praying and discerning before making a decision is not the end of the process. "It must be accompanied and followed by practices of accountability and evaluation in a spirit of transparency inspired by evangelical criteria."
Ensuring accountability and regularly evaluating all those who minister in the church's name "is not a bureaucratic task for its own sake. It is rather a communication effort that proves to be a powerful educational tool for bringing about a change in culture," synod members said.
One issue that prompted debate during the synod involved the authority of national bishops' conference, particularly when it came to doctrinal matters.
The synod members, in the final document, called for a study of the theological and juridical status of bishops' conferences and for a clear definition of "precisely the domain of the doctrinal and disciplinary competence" of the conferences.
